Virtualization has been the underpinning technology that powered the Cloud revolution. In a typical virtualized environment, you have the hypervisor (virtualization software) running on the Host OS. These type of hypervisors are called "Type 2 hypervisor".
But there are hypervisors that can be directly installed on hardware (i.e. hard disk). These hypervisors, know as "Type 1 hypervisors" do not need a host OS to run and have their own device drivers and other software to interact with the hardware components directly. A major advantage of this is that any problems in one virtual machine do not affect the other guest operating systems running on the hypervisor.
The below image from Wikipedia gives a good illustration.
But there are hypervisors that can be directly installed on hardware (i.e. hard disk). These hypervisors, know as "Type 1 hypervisors" do not need a host OS to run and have their own device drivers and other software to interact with the hardware components directly. A major advantage of this is that any problems in one virtual machine do not affect the other guest operating systems running on the hypervisor.
The below image from Wikipedia gives a good illustration.
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