Monday, May 30, 2022

Hash Length of SHA 265

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It is important to note that any hash algorithm always returns a hash of fixed length.  SHA256 returns a hash value that is 256 bits - i.e. ...
Sunday, May 29, 2022

Does Bitcoin encrypt transactions?

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 * It is important to note that the core bitcoin network/ledger does not use any encryption. It is all hashing as explained here -  https://...

Ruminating on Elliptic Curve Cryptography

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When it comes to symmetric encryption, the most common standards are Data Encryption Standards (DES) and Advanced Encryption Standards (AES)...

Ruminating on Proof of Work

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While I understood how bitcoin mining worked, there were still a few strings loose in my mind on why exactly was the 'Proof-of-Work'...

Numeric value of a hash

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In the bitcoin network, miners have to compare the hash value during the 'Proof-of-Work' process. The target hash value is stored in...
Thursday, May 26, 2022

Ruminating on dedicated instance vs. dedicated host

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 Many folks get confused between the AWS terminology of 'Dedicated Instance' vs 'Dedicated Host'. A simple way to understand...
Tuesday, May 17, 2022

Cloud Native Banking Platform - Temenos

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Temenos is the world's number one core banking platform. It is built entirely on the AWS cloud and uses all managed services.  I was stu...
Sunday, March 27, 2022

Difference between Epoch, Batch and Iterations

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In neural nets, we have to specify the number of epochs while we train the model.  One Epoch is defined as the complete forward & backwa...
Saturday, March 26, 2022

Ruminating on Convolutional Neural Networks

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Convolutional Neural Nets (CNNs) have made Computer Vision a reality. But to understand CNNs, we need to get basics right - What exactly is ...
Friday, March 25, 2022

Ruminating on Activation Function

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 Activation functions play an important role in neural nets. An activation function transforms the weighted sum of the input into an output ...

Ruminating on Gradient Descent

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Gradient Descent is the most popular optimization algorithm used to train machine learning models - by minimizing the cost function. In deep...

Ruminating on 'Fitting the line to data'

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 In linear regression, we need to find the best fit line over a set of points (data). StatQuest has an excellent video explaining how we fit...
Wednesday, March 23, 2022

Ruminating on CUDA and TPU

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  CUDA  is a parallel computing platform (or a programming model - available as an API) that was developed by Nvidia to enable developers le...
Tuesday, March 22, 2022

Understanding what is a Tensor?

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Found this excellent video on YouTube by Prof. Daniel Fleisch that explains tensors in a very simple and engaging way -  https://youtu.be/f5...
Wednesday, March 09, 2022

Topic Modeling vs. Topic Classification

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Topic Modeling is an unsupervised method of infering "topics" or classification tags within a cluster of documents. Whereas topic ...

Ruminating on the log scale

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Today, I was trying to explain my colleague on the usecases where a log scale could be more useful than a linear scale and I found this wond...

Ruminating on AI Knowledge Base

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Many AI systems need a knowledge base that enables logical inference over the knowledge stored in it. This knowledge base is typically encod...
Tuesday, March 08, 2022

Ruminating on Audio Sample Rate and Bit Depth

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 Whenever we are dealing with AI-driven speech recognition, it is important to understand the fundamental concepts of sample rate and bit de...

Free audiobooks

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The below site has more than 16,000 audio books that are completely free for everyone! https://librivox.org/ Would recommend everyone to che...

Ruminating on the Turing Test

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 The Turing Test was made famous by Alan Turing in the year 1950. The Turing Test essentially tests a computer's ability to communicate ...
Sunday, March 06, 2022

Ruminating on n-gram models

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N-gram is a fundamental concept in NLP and is used in many language models. In simple terms, N-gram is nothing but a sequence on N words - e...

Ruminating on Text Normalization

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Text normalization is the process of converting text to a standard form before we use them for training AI NLP models. The following techniq...
Tuesday, February 22, 2022

Ruminating on Fourier Transformation

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 In my AI learning journey, I had to refresh my understanding of fourier transformation. The following video on YouTube is hands-down the be...
Wednesday, February 02, 2022

Fuzzy matching of Strings

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Quite often during document processing or email processing tasks, we need to compare strings or search for keywords. While the traditional w...
Friday, January 14, 2022

Ruminating on Snowflake Architecture

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 The following video is an excellent tutorial to understand how Snowflake can perform both as a Data Lake and Datawarehouse. https://www.you...
Sunday, January 09, 2022

Ruminating on Joint Probability vs Conditional Probability vs Marginal Probability

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The concept of conditional probability is a very important to understand Bayesian networks. An excellent introduction to these concepts is a...
Tuesday, January 04, 2022

Confusion Matrix for Classification Models

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Classification models are supervised ML models used to classify information into various classes - e.g. binary classification (true/false) o...
Monday, January 03, 2022

Bias and Variance in ML

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Before we embark on machine learning, it is important to understand basic concepts around bias, variance, overfitting and underfitting.  The...

Ruminating on high dimensional data

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 In simple terms, dimensions of a dataset refer to the number of attributes (or features) that a dataset has. This concept of dimensions of ...
Thursday, December 30, 2021

Ruminating on ONNX format

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Open Neural Network Exchange ( ONNX ) is an open standard format for representing machine learning models. While there are proprietary forma...